European gas supply: geopolitics, LNG growth and the decline of Russian dependence

Pie chart showing 2024 EU gas imports by pipeline source: Norway 45.6 %, Algeria 19.3 %, Russia 16.6 %, UK 8.0 %, Azerbaijan 7.2 %, others 3.2 %.

Rising geopolitical leverage and price volatility are reshaping the European gas supply mix, creating a more flexible but lower-demand system built around LNG imports and Nordic pipeline flows. The European gas supply landscape has been transformed as Norway overtakes Russia and LNG becomes the backbone of Europe’s diversified import strategy. By 2024, Norway provided nearly half of the EU’s pipeline […]

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